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ICJ が裏切ったチャゴシアンの自決権・英国が裏切ったFOIP:Chronology

Poloicy Excahngeのレポートにチャゴス諸島のChronologyがまとめられており、わかりやすいのでここにコピペ、機械訳を貼らせていただきます。

 

Policy Exchange - Sovereignty and Security in the Indian Ocean

 

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インド太平洋ポッドカフェ☕️チャゴス諸島のクロニクル🏝

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  • Chronology

    • Antiquity: the existence of Chagos attested to in the Maldivian oral tradition.
    • c. 1512: first European mention of the Chagos on a map.
    • 1774: France claims Peros Banhos, the first territorial claim in the Chagos Islands.
    • c. 1783: first permanent settlement by the French in the Chagos Islands.
    • 1786: the British East India Company attempts to create a settlement in the islands, only to discover the French settlement.
    • 1814: by the Treaty of Paris, France cedes to the UK Mauritius and its dependencies, including the Seychelles and the Chagos Islands, the latter of which was not specifically named.
    • 1885–1888: a small force of policemen from Mauritius are stationed in the Chagos Islands, the only time a permanent official Mauritian presence existed in the islands. Mauritian administrative control over the Chagos remained minimal, except a yearly visit by magistrates from Mauritius.
    • 1903: the Seychelles are detached from Mauritius to be constituted into a separate crown colony.
    • 1908: Coëtivy Island is detached from Mauritius and transferred to the Seychelles.
    • 1921: Farquhar Atoll is detached from Mauritius and transferred to the Seychelles.
    • 1958: a ministerial system (partially responsible government) is introduced in Mauritius.
    • 1959: first election on the basis of universal adult suffrage in Mauritius, won by the pro-independence Labour Party led by (Sir) Seewoosagur Ramgoolam.
    • 1964: beginning of discussions between the UK and the United States about the use of the Chagos Islands for defence purposes.
    • 1965 (8 November): with the agreement of the elected government of Mauritius, the Chagos Islands are detached from Mauritius to form the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). Mauritius receives £3m in compensation, as well as other concessions and UK agreement to fund future resettlement of Mauritian Chagos Islanders in Mauritius.
    • The anti-independence Parti Mauricien leaves the coalition government in protest against the agreement to detach the Chagos Islands: in its view, the size of the compensation package was inadequate.
    • The UK government agrees on a plan and timetable toward granting independence to Mauritius.
    • 1965 (16 December): UN General Assembly Resolution 2066(XX) “invites the administering Power [the UK] to take no action which would dismember the Territory of Mauritius and violate its territorial integrity”.
    • 1967–1973: residents of the Chagos Islands are forcibly removed in stages from the Islands to the Seychelles and Mauritius, at all stages with the agreement of the governments of the Seychelles and of Mauritius, both before and after independence, pursuant to resettlement scheme agreed in principle in 1965 and in detail in 1971,
    • 1968 (12 March): Mauritius becomes an independent country. Its constitution does not claim the Chagos Islands as being part of its territory.
    • (12 March) A defence treaty between the UK and Mauritius, one of the preconditions for the detachment of the Chagos Islands required by the Mauritian government, is concluded.
    • 1974: Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius, tells the Mauritius legislative assembly that the 1965 detachment of the Chagos Islands had been with the consent of Mauritius. He adds that “from the legal point of view, Great Britain was entitled to make arrangements as she thought fit and proper” even in the absence of Mauritian agreement.
    • 1975: Prime Minster Ramgoolam tells the press that the UK having paid for the Chagos Islands, she could do whatever she liked with it.
    • 1976: the Seychelles becomes independent.
    • 1980: Prime Minister Ramgoolam tells the press that “a request was made in the [Mauritius Legislative] Assembly that we should include Diego Garcia as a territory of the State of Mauritius. If we had done that we would have looked ridiculous in the eyes of the world, because after excision, Diego Garcia doesn’t belong to us.”
    • 1982: the Mauritian Militant Movement–Mauritian Socialist Party alliance defeats Ramgoolam’s Labour Party at the Mauritian general elections.
    • For the first time since its independence in 1968, Mauritius lays claim to the Chagos Islands through the enactment of the Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Act.
    • 1982–1983: the Mauritian Legislative Assembly establishes a select committee to investigate the detachment of the Chagos Islands from the crown colony of Mauritius in 1965. Its final report claims that Mauritian consent was secured through UK blackmail.
    • 1992: the Constitution of Mauritius is amended to claim the Chagos Islands as part of Mauritius.
    • 2000–2016: litigation in English courts about the legality of the expulsion of the Chagossians from the BIOT. The question of sovereignty is not raised.
    • 2015: an arbitral tribunal constituted under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea declares that the UK government could not lawfully establish a Chagos Marine Protected Area because the UK had promised Mauritius in 1965, as part of the agreement to cede the Chagos Islands, that it would preserve the latter’s fishing and mineral rights in the Chagos. The tribunal declines to rule on the question of the sovereignty of the islands.
    • 2017: the UN General Assembly refers the question of the separation of the Chagos Islands from Mauritius to the International Court of Justice.
    • 2019 (25 February): the International Court of Justice issues its advisory opinion.
    • 2019 (22 May): the United Nations General Assembly adopts a non-binding resolution supporting the ICJ’s advisory opinion.
    • 2021: the Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea rules that the 2019 ICJ opinion had settled the sovereignty of the Chagos Islands, despite the fact that the ICJ opinion was explicitly not legally binding.

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